Weapon changes don't happen overnight like this, even if popular culture says otherwise. Take assault rifles, for example, first prototypes of those were developed during WW1, but they weren't that widespread even during WW2.

A generally accepted turning point here is Battle of Lepanto, also called the last great naval battle of renaissance, or the last galley battle. It saw the deployment of the ultimate weapon in galley warfare, Venetian galeasses (think Death Star, basically), and it did include first cannons, but only as weapons against the crew and rigging. It's a really well-known battle, so you should have no problem finding further reading, even Osprey covered it.

During the next century, naval development moved towards the oceangoing ships of the Age of Sail, and left galleys in the dust. They were still used in the Mediterranean, especially by Ottomans, but they were fading fast.