Which was more effective on the medieval European battlefield: the arming sword and shield or the hand and a half longsword?

by JWAxeMan

Strictly speaking of medieval European battle, during the era of the longsword.

Nightwinder

During that time period? The main differentiator will be how well armoured you are; if you could afford harness, a shield is redundant defensively since the only weapons that realistically have a chance of wounding you are polearms, making the longsword a far more effective sidearm. It has more reach, more killing power against lightly armoured foes and frequently better designed to pierce mail (see Ewart Oakeshott's sword typlologies: many longswords, especially of the latter period tend to have narrower, more thrust focused blade geometry) as well as being a better grappling aid.

In lighter armour (mail/gambeson), a shield at the very least will provide significant protection against missile attacks, as well as reducing the openings your openings can easily reach; however to fight a man in harness you'll still want a polearm to stand a good chance of inflicting any sort of serious injury. For walking around, if you were using sword & shield, it'd be a buckler compared to one of the larger designs, and in an unarmoured/low-armoured conflict, sword & buckler v longsword really comes down to which you are better with

So the TL:DR is it really comes down to what you have, and what you expect to be fighting against as to which one is the better choice.