I'm interested most of all in
Thanks in advance!
(I'd also enjoy any comprehensive histories of him from any of you, if that's allowed.)
Can I ask what you are specifically interested in? It seems you aren't very familiar yet with the history of science. Would it be a good idea to start with a broader context of the general history of science, before you focus on Newton?
Generally, it is quite difficult to get both a personal history (biography), and an understanding of his context/impact, in the same book. Either you get to understand the man and his life as an individual, or you get to understand how he fits into the bigger picture of history.
Either way here are some books I would recommend. I have put the books I enjoyed most in italics.
Wider context:
H. Cohen, How Modern Science Came Into the World (Amsterdam University Press, 2010). * S. Shapin, The Scientific Revolution (University of Chicago Press, 2008).*
Personal biography:
Richard Westfall, The Life of Isaac Newton (Cambridge University Press, 2015), which is an abridged version of Never At Rest (1980) by the same author/publisher.
R. Iliffe, A very short introduction to Isaac Newton (Oxford University Press, 2007)
Thematic works on Newton:
M.J. Osler, ed., Rethinking the Scientific Revolution (Cambridge University Press, 2000)
P. Aughton, Newton's apple: Isaac Newton and the English scientific renaissance (Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 2003)
M. Feingold, The Newtonian moment: Isaac Newton and the making of modern culture (Oxford University Press, 2004)
J. Force and R.H. Popkin, Essays on the context, nature and influence of Isaac Newton's theology (Kluwer, 1990)
M.C. Jacob, The Newtonians and the English Revolution (The Harvester Press, 1976)
*M.J. Crowe, Mechanics from Aristotle to Einstein (Green Lion Press, 2007) * M. Ben-Chaim, Experimental philosophy and the birth of empirical science: Boyle, Locke, and Newton (Ashgate, 2004)
J.Z. Buchwald and I.B. Cohen, eds., Isaac Newton's natural philosophy (MIT Press, 2001)
A. Clericuzio and P.M. Rattansi, eds., Alchemy and chemistry in the 16th and 17th centuries (Kluwer, 1994)
I.B. Cohen, Introduction to Newton's 'Principia' (Cambridge University Press, 1971)
B.J.T. Dobbs, The Janus faces of genius. The role of alchemy in Newton's thought (Cambridge University Press, 1991)
"Isaac Newton" by James Gleick is a relatively recent (2003) and comprehensive biography of him that includes quite a bit about his context and his legacy.