Yes and no.

Soviet worships were not allowed to enter not an exact order, but as a general understanding during the Cold War, and the last to do so was in 1944 during WWII. The Russian navy in 2008 sent its first since then for military drills with Venezuela.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7768743.stm

They did however let commercial ships through, how often I'm not completely sure. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/2742932 here is an example of that happening. In 1988 the USSR also signed onto the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977 which states "that the Canal, as an international transit waterway, shall be permanently neutral".

http://2001-2009.state.gov/p/wha/rlnks/11936.htm

Egypt allowed the use of the Suez by the Soviets because of their non-aligned policy and its role during the Suez Crisis. The Soviets also primarily used the Northern Fleet, which is and has primarily been based out of Severomorsk. The Pacific Fleet (which operates in the Pacific very surprisingly) is headquartered in Vladivostok in the Russian Far East.