In Victorian times were there traffic laws for horse-drawn vehicles?

by GammaKing

I'm wondering if there were speed limits, personal requirements to "drive" vehicles and that sort of thing.

frugilegus

From a English perspective, the 1835 Highways Act is mostly about the maintenance of public highways, setting out the duties of Parish and District councils. However, various articles relate to conduct of people using the Highway.

Article 72 "Penalty on Persons committing Nuisances by riding on Footpaths, &c." lists many specific "nuisances" that are forbidden, including:

"wilfully ride upon any Footpath or Causeway by the Side of any Road made or set apart for the Use or Accommodation of Foot Passengers"
"wantonly fire off any Gun or Pistol"
"wilfully obstruct the free Passage of any such Highway"
"play at Football or any other Game on any Part of the said Highways"

Article 76 requires the equivalent of number plates for waggons, carts and carriages:

the Owner of every Waggon, Cart, or other such Carriage shall paint or cause to be painted in One or more straight Line or Lines, upon some conspicuous Part of the Right or Off Side of his Waggon, Cart, or other such Carriage, or upon the Off-side Shafts thereof, before the same shall be used on any Highway, his Christian Name and Surname, or the Style and Title by which he is commonly designated, and the Place of his Trade or Abode, or the Christian and Surname and Place of Trade or Abode of a Partner or Owner thereof, at full Length, in large legible Letters in White upon Black or Black upon White, not less than One Inch in Height

Article 77 limits one person to being in charge of a maximum of two carts, each of which may only be drawn by a single horse.

Article 78 Requires that waggons and carts have somebody on foot or horseback guide the cart (rather than rely on a driver sitting on the cart)

(The 1835 Act has mostly been repealed, but parts of Article 72 remain in force, and is the law that today forbids bicycles from being ridden on footpaths in the UK!)

Later, into the Victorian period, there began to be legislation introduced to regulate the use of "locomotives" (steam-driven vehicles) on the public highway . The first of these was the Locomotive Act 1861. This regulated things like vehicle emissions ("shall be constructed on the Principle of consuming and so as to consume its own Smoke"), lighting ("shall provide Two efficient Lights, to be affixed conspicuously, One at each Side") and speed ("It shall not be lawful to drive any Locomotive along any Turnpike Road or public Highway at a greater Speed than Ten Miles an Hour, or through any City, Town, or Village at a greater Speed than Five Miles an Hour").

There were further Locomotive Acts as public concern and technology developed over the years. The 1865 Act (which unfortunately, isn't on the UK legislation web site) dropped the speed limits to 4mph or 2mph in town, and provided the famous provision of having somebody walk in front of the vehicle with a red flag. Those requirements stood until the Locomotive on Highways Act 1896 raised the speed limit to 14mph and removed the requirement for a red-flag bearer.

There were also various other General and Local Highways and Turnpike acts regulating road use and maintenance, and also many more local bylaws. Hopefully the above has given a reasonable impression of the national laws that were in use though.