I posted on this about a year ago and got several upvotes but no responses so I am trying again.
I have read that the statue of the principal Babylonian god Marduk was stolen from the city on more than one occasion by conquering forces. The statue would be taken back to the conquerer's capital much to chagrin of the Babylonians who would be losing the protection of the god. The statue would sometimes be restored to Babylon only to be stolen again in the next sacking. I know it was taken to Elam and Assur in this manner. Was it taken to other cities? Does anyone have a timeline on the travels of the statue? Does anyone know what became of it? Does it still exist?
I can find you one, sort of two other examples, though I can't say for sure this is an exhaustive list.
While the gods could be stolen, that is not how it was put by the Babylonians of the time. The gods could not be taken captive or made to do anything against their will. Instead they left voluntarily and eventually decided to return, though perhaps with the "assistance" of mortals.
One text, called the Marduk Prophecy describes Marduk's travels to three places: Hatti, Assur, and Elam. These refer to the sacks of the city by peoples from each of those lands. The biggest chunk of my post is on Hatti.
The Hittites took Marduk and his wife Sarpanitum in the early 16th century BCE, possibly taking them to Hatti. A later account written in the god's voice says "I gave the command that I go to Hatti, I put Hatti to the test, there I set up the throne of my supreme godhead. For twenty-four years I dwelt there."
Agum-Kakrime, an early Kassite king, eventually assisted the gods' return later that century. Agum-Kakrime describes securing their return from Hana, in what is now Syria: "I sent to a far-off land, to the land of the Haneans, and Marduk and Sarpinitum did they conduct to me." So Marduk and Sarpinitum were in Hana after leaving with the Hittites. The inscription doesn't say why the gods were in Hana or how they came to be there. Once the gods were returned to their temple in Babylon Agum-Kakrime described refurbishing them - using about 240 pounds of gold and plenty of precious stones - and their temple.
In the late 13th century BCE Tukulti-Ninurta of Assyria conquered Babylon and took Marduk. Van De Mieroop says that one of Tukulti-Ninurta's successors returned Marduk to Babylon voluntarily, but I can't find any more info on that.
In mid-12th century BCE the Kassite dynasty (of which Agum-Kakrime was a part) ended, symbolically at least, with the removal of Marduk to Susa. Later that century Nebuchadnezzar I in turn raided Elam and recovered Marduk.
Sorry I can't provide more concrete years, the chronology gets questionable this far back and is particularly difficult depending on which chronology you favor. I'm not an expert in that area so I'm using generalities. The sequence of travels - Hatti/Hana, Assur, Elam - should be correct though.
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