All humans originate in Africa and then migrated from Africa to the rest of the world. As people migrated around, different physical traits developed. So the thing is, "black" isn't a category. Different people mean different things by it. So I'm not entirely sure what you mean by it. But there are people throughout the world with quite dark skin whose ancestors left Africa tens of thousands of years ago. Anthropologists have drawn maps of skin tone throughout the world. You can see it here: https://www.eemec.med.ed.ac.uk/wiki/files/983/skin-colour-map-indigenous-people_003.jpg

But for example, people living in India with quite dark skin won't look like they're African, even if their skin is equally dark, because in the tens of thousand of years since their ancestors left Africa, their ancestral population has gone through a lot of change in other ways, in terms of facial shape, hair texture, etc. You may be interested, though, in the Negrito peoples. These are peoples who live largely on islands in souteast Asia. It looks like their ancestors traveled there in a wave before most of the other waves of Asian population expansion. They bear some resemblance to Africans, in terms of skin tone, curly hair, and facial appearance. But they're different from any one population in Africa.