Questions regarding HBO Rome and Roman society

by NGDragon

I might be a bit late on the HBO Rome hype but I finally got around to watching it and I wrote down some questions:

  • Did the Romans have an official torture detachment, if so how extensive was it; what were the requirements/ training required?

  • In episode 7 season 1, six barrels of ice were gifted, where did they get it from, how did they transport it to Rome? How did the Romans store it and what was it used for?

  • How common was the bribing of priests?

  • Did Caesar actually retrieve Pompey's treasury while it was being hauled out of Rome?

  • Did Caesar actually have epilepsy (morbus comitialis), are there any records of this? Were there any treatments for it?

  • What drugs where they smoking/taking back then? Multiple times throughout both seasons we see characters smoke out of some sort of opium pipe, and Octavia's friend mentioned hemp. What drugs were available to the Romans/Egyptians?

  • Does anyone know the board game played in the show, it reminds me of the board game in "Assassin's Creed IV" but it doesn’t look quite like it. See here

  • What was the preferred method of suicide for nobility? The show features stabbing the heart, disembowelment, regular sword stab in the stomach. Was slitting the wrists/ taking poison acceptable at that time?

  • Was parading the opponent's corps around the city a common practice. ( As we saw with Vercingetorix and Cleopatra and Mark Antony

  • How did jews integrate in Roman society, how were they treated? Were they regarded as lower class citizens?

  • Was there a negative reaction to Octavian taking Caesar's name and later on naming himself princeps? How was Caesar seen as a tyrant and Octavian wasn't even though they both aimed to pull power towards themselves and reduce the senate's influence?

cleopatra_philopater

Well, that's a lot of questions, but good ones so let's go:

  • Citizens were not allowed to be tortured under Roman law, and the primary victims of torture seem to have been POWs, so then it would be the military unit in charge of them administering whatever punishment was deemed acceptable but perhaps someone else can fill in here, as I am a bit vague on Roman torture practices.

  • Ice/snow was generally taken from mountaintops and used for mainly culinary and medicinal purposes.

  • The priesthood being unethical, or using their position for personal gain was very common as it was a deeplyCaesa political position. However, as priests were likely to be selected due to nepotism/favoritism, and how influential their family was, priests were more likely to act on the behalf of their families/affiliations, than purely greed.

  • Caesar may have had epilepsy (he definitely suffered from some fairly serious condition), but this is only one theory among many, some of his symptoms and their onset are inconsistent with modern understanding of epilepsy and as epileptics were often thought to be divinely influenced it makes sense that this is the explanation that would circulate. As there is no possibility of epilepsy or accurately assessing his family history no one can really say for sure.

  • Drugs such as opium, hemp, and cannabis were known back then, but it is hard to assess their popularity, and it likely varied in different times and between classes. These may have been smoked, the leaves chewed or steeped or perhaps mixed in alcoholic beverages. Marcus Aurelius for example was quite fond of opium, one more reason he 's one of the coolest emperors (although both winners and I don't do drugs). Bear in mind however, that the drug use depicted in the show is mostly fictional and for the purposes of drama/plot.

  • Not much is known about the board games played in ancient Rome, despite the being frequently mentioned, but one apparently popular one was called "Mercenaries", and was a strategy game perhaps similar to chess, but no-one knows the rules and is the game I personally assume to be being played in the show :-)

  • The preferred method of suicide for Roman generals seems to have been falling on ones sword, but many generals/politicians stabbed themselves with knives, cut their wrists, or drank poison.

  • Vercingetorix, Marcus Antonius, and Cleopatra were not paraded around the city post-humously. Vercingetorix was marched in Rome on triumph while living, and was likely strangled in his prison afterwards as per custom. Much of the drama surrounding Antony and Cleopatra was rather highly fictionalized, even for a mainstream adaptation, and the events surrounding their suicides and the aftermath diverged from historical accounts. Suffice to say, Antony stabbed himself because he somehow received word that Cleopatra had been captured/committed suicide, but did not die, rather inflicting upon himself a painful, slowly fatal wound in his abdomen. He was carried to her mausoleum where she had taken refuge, and subsequently died, apparently in her arms, whereupon she began cutting her arms, neck and chest (this didn't exactly help her health or appearance). Octavian permitted her to oversee his funerary arrangements and gave her custody of their 3 children with the stipulation she not commit suicide and also cooperate with the occupation of Alexandria, she buried Antony but ended up committing suicide anyway a few weeks later and her son Caesarion returned to bury her, and was later ordered to be killed by Octavian (probably via strangulation).

  • Jews occupied a somewhat liminal role in Roman society, they were permitted to practice their religion, but Roman society was pretty xenophobic at the time, and Jews as group were generally not trusted. Severe tensions did exist, namely over the conquest/occupation of Judea, and cultural/ethnic differences, which resulted in riots in many provinces, as well as the series of Roman-Jewish Wars.

  • There was some resentment, particularly among the Senate over Octavian's ascension, but bear in mind that that the overwhelming majority of Romans loved Julius Caesar and his assassination was seen as an attack on the common people. Octavian was also very popular after defeating Antony/Cleopatra, and being seen as the successor of the divinely associated Julius Caesar gave him a lot of street-cred. Plus, throughout his career Octavian had a more diplomatic approach to dealing with the Senate and a better rapport with them on the whole.