I'm assuming you mean a work space for an official so I'll base my answer on that assumption.
The Chinese care a lot of continuity - so the desk of a Qing dynasty official is not all that different from earlier times and modern reconstructions in museums and in television dramas give a fairly good representation of what desks looked like. Of course, from the late 1800s onward, you also have photographs. So let's look at a few.
On the right, next to the guy with the really long, pointy hat, you see a rectangular object wrapped up in clothe. That is the county seal, affixed on all government documents. On the left is a wooden box with several wood tablets inside them. The tablets are usually affixed with the character ling (令), which means command. Whenever the magistrate/governor issues a command, he would usually toss the tablet onto the ground so that his subordinate can pick it up and carry out the command. The picture is not very clear, but in this case it seems the tablet has more than one character on it, so I'm assuming those tablets have something to do with punishments. In the middle of the table is a white object, that is used to hold brushes and there is also an inkwell. Of course, there would also be documents on the desk as well.
Another picture of a county main hall, similar setup with the seal, brushes, and command tablets
From the costumes, this looks to be a provincial governor meeting with his subordinates in a side hall. Brushes on the right and command tablets on the left. Also on the desk is an inkwell, ink stone, and documents. There is no seal here, possibly because this is only a side hall. The seal is usually displayed in the main hall for important meetings or trials, and when not in use it is often kept in another room.
Different kinds of calligraphy brushes in a big jar on the left. Those big brushes are not used for day to day purposes but purely for calligraphy, which is why there is a white brush holder next to the jar. Inkwell and ink stone, and some scrolls on the right. The dude is writing on a document and there is an opened scroll underneath.
Jar for calligraphy brushes on the far right and holder for normal brushes on the left. Inkwell and ink stone, and a candle holder.
TL;DR - different kinds of brushes, inkwell, ink stone, documents, scrolls, books, candle holder, seal, command tablet depending on the setup of the room.
