This is an attempt to depict the text of the Rosetta Stone. This was the second century BCE text that allowed for ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics to be translated. The same text appears in Greek (bottom), demotic (middle - the common script of Egypt at the time), and hieroglyphics - the formal ancient script of ancient Egypt.

That's from the Rosetta Stone

Hopefully someone can drop by with more background, but you can get started on this What was the reasoning behind the creation of the Rosetta Stone?

It's famous for being the first key that enabled decryption of Egyptian hieroglyphs. Here's the most recent thread discussing it, which has links to a few more that you may find interesting: How sure are we that the Egyptian hieroglyphics and Mayan Symbols are actually what we think they are?

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