Yes, there was an anti-Western Czech reaction to Munich. The Soviet Union, on the other hand, had opposed the Munich Agreement in 1938 and in 1945 diverted forces heading towards Berlin in order to liberate Prague before the Americans could (Stalin's fear that Truman would not honor the deal that he had made with Roosevelt regarding the creation of a "Soviet sphere" proved unfounded). Moreover, the anti-German resistance that existed in the Czech and Slovak lands during the war had been led by socialists loyal to the Soviet Union.

Because of these development, in the aftermath of the war, Czech sentiment regarding the West and the Soviet Union flipped. In 1918, the Czechs perceived their new nation as a natural ally and an extensions of the Western democracies. In this capacity, the government in Prague refused to officially recognize the Bolshevik government, even after France and Britain extended recognition to the Communist nation. Only after the United States extended diplomatic recognition to the Soviet Union--after the rise of Hitler in Germany--did Czechoslovakia follow suit. In 1946, however, in the first parliamentary elections after the war, the Czechs handed 40% of their vote to the Communist Party, giving the party the largest share of seats in Prague's parliament in Czechoslovak history. The citizens of Prague understood that the West perceived them as a "far away people" of whom the West "knew nothing" (as Chamberlain had explained in 1938). Their national sovereignty depended on a future alliance with the Soviet Union, or so it seemed--after the Communists, led by Prime Minister and Stalinist stooge Clement Gottwald seized full control of the government in 1948, the Czechs quickly realized that the Soviet Union had more interest in protecting its own interests in Czechoslovakia than it was in protecting Czechoslovak sovereignty.

Now you might ask why the Czechs strongly favored relations with the Soviet Union at a time when the United States, which had not attended the Munich Conference, became so involved in European affairs. The United States, however, squandered any good will it created in its liberation of western Czechoslovakia when it halted its march towards Prague so that the Soviet Union could liberate the Czechoslovak capital. Moreover, Czechs in the know--in particular president Edward Benes--understood that the United States had strongly supported Chamberlain's appeasement of Hitler at Munich. The Czechs, therefore, had little reason to believe that the United States would offer a real defense to Czechoslovak sovereignty where the other Western powers had not.

I say "Czechs" here and not "Czechoslovaks" as the Slovaks did not favor Communism so strongly after the war, and in fact voted for the Slovak Democratic Party over the Communists by a 2 to 1 margin. Slovakia's smaller population, however, could not counter the pro-Soviet sentiment of their Czech neighbors.