English and American Puritans from the 16th-17th centuries are somewhat Internet-famous for the wacky (to us) word names they gave their children. You have sympathized with what was surely the boyhood teasing of Increase Mather and Cotton Mather for their odd names when you learned about them in U.S. history class, but they could console themselves with the notion that they weren't named Praise-God Barebone or any of the offspring of 16th century preacher Thomas Helley: Much-Mercy, Increased (a girl), Sin-Deny and Fear-Not.

This trend among Puritans was well known. Playwright Ben Jonson's satirical Puritan characters bear names like "Zeal-of-the-Land Busy" and "Tribulation Wholesome."

This of course is a popular trend rather than popular individual names. The one aspect that proved to have staying power rather than being just a fad was the use of virtue-names for girls. Faith and Hope are probably the two that you would recognize as popular today, especially since things like Silence and Temperance have nebulous status as virtuous.