The Umayyad Caliphate of Cordoba is said to have been a nation of harmonious multiculturalism and religious tolerance. To what extent was this true and how was it achieved?

If I weren't on mobile I would be able to link properly so forgive me on that part. Regarding the tolerance yes it appears that during certain intervals in Cordoba "multiculturalism" did exist. I however would be wary to project modern notions of human rights onto medieval empires and polities. Joseph ibn Naghrela became vizier which was a fairly high position for a non Muslim to achieve. Hasdai ibn Shaprut served as physician to the caliph and also as a diplomat. Keep in mind when the Almohads took power (they were a fanatical Berber dynasty) struggles between religions commenced again and especially once the Spaniards conquered the region. Another exception to this multiculturalism was the massacre in Granada in 1066 (Joseph ibn Naghrela was murdered during this event). Source: A History Of Islamic Societies by Ira Lapidus, Ornament of the World by Maria Menocal