Citation in Turabian is actually pretty easy once you get a handle on it. The advantage of Turabian/Chicago styles is that until very recently it was a very unchanged system. You could pick up a Turabian style guide from the 1970s and pretty much find the same guidelines as one in the 1990s or early 2000s. The advent of the internet and ebooks as changed things, but not that much.

For footnotes and endnotes, think of a Turabian citation as a short sentence in which the Oxford comma is king and you give specific information in a concise manner. In general, the procedure for endnote/footnote citation is as follows. The author's name comes first, then title, followed by parenthesis of publisher information, followed by page number. Just follow this schema: author, title, publishing information, page number. Periodicals and magazines add a further wrinkle, but follow the same formula. After you cite the title, imagine you're directing someone to a library to get this specific item. You tell them get the title (Journal of Modern History, Time, Playboy, etc.). Then you tell them which volume, and then issue to look at. Then comes the date and, finally, the page number.

Once you have made a whole citation, assume your reader knows this, and every citation afterwards will be author's last name and page number.

For bibliographies, the author, title, publishing information schema remains the same, but you drop the Oxford commas and parentheses and instead present each information as its own, discreet sentence. The assumption behind the bibliography is that it is a mini-library of whatever paper you are writing. Page numbers are needed only if the cited material is part of a larger work, like an article in a magazine. The goal is to get as much complete information out there.

This covers conventional citations. For information on citing webpages, ebooks, and other forms this Online Guide is a pretty schematic guide to these, and other forms of citation.

And remember, whatever your interpretation of these guidelines, be consistent in applying them! If you make a mistake, it is easier for your professor to identify and correct it.