This very much depends on a number of factors: class and location probably being the main two.

The victorian diet was, compared to todays, very bland and simple. Root vegetables and simple meals, meat not rate but not as prevelant as todays meals. There are instances and common cases of people regularly ingesting poisons and carcenigens. Bread was one of the biggest culprits. As one of the staples of the British Diet, it was very much class divided. The middle classes and above could buy the more expensive breads from the finer bakeries. These would ensure that they were using the best flour and ingredients. However, most bakers would scrimp and save where they could, especially inner city bakers. During any period of grain prices increasing, or flour becoming more scarce, unscrupulous bakers and mill owners would put additives to their flour to give it more mass. Chalk power, fine saw dust, and arsenic would be added to add bulk and a more pure white colour to the flour. It was not ideal to the body, causing kidney damage, ulcers, and general ill health.

The cities being smoggy is not anecdotal. Mass industrialisation added with rapid expansion and proletarianisation often meant many people were living in shoddy housing, too close to the chimneys and polution. Manchester was described akin to hell by a German visitor, and even smaller settlements were smog filled and deadly. Coalbrookdale, the centre of the industrial revolutoim and a tiny billage in shropshire, was often confined to hours of darkness due to the massive furnace Bedlam overshadowing the severn Gorge. London is the most famous, the infamous Big Smoke, and smog did claim lives throughout the 19th centuries and up to the mid-20th century. However other cities were far less effected. Due to the vast variety of her industry, Birmingham suffered far less from deadly smogs, and the cities of Sheffield and Liverpool were also less prone to the smog, partially due to their location and partially due to their industries.

As with everything with 19th century society and health, class and location determined everything.

For further reading, hobsbawm's Age of Capital or Age of Revolution both go into the inpact of proletarianisation on the working man and their health, bread and food is covered well in the sources edited by J M Golby's Culture and Society in Britain, and Geoffrey Best's Mid-Victorian Britain.

Written on a phone, so apolgies for spelling and structure