Let's step away from "outside" as a descriptor, either literally or figuratively.

Would the native tribes have had specialized members that focused on seasonal patterns of weather? An elder (or group) or hunter?

Would the tribe communicate over distances to warn of impending weather systems?

Would they seek shelter to wait out the storm at a location inland to avoid the brunt of the storm?

Just some of my thoughts/questions. Maybe they can help direct the discussion to more specific examples!

Because I see a couple of posts got deleted and the focus of the discussion still on the usage of "outside," I do wanna step back and give the question a fair shake. But I also want to emphasize the OP's further comment does provoke a discussion on how Native architecture adapted to climactic patterns and severe weather.

Two factors raised in the question are abundantly clear: 1) weather prediction (of hurricanes, for instance) and 2) Native Americans. What do we know about both?

1. Weather prediction, in our own time, is based largely on records. Our biggest reason for knowing that bad storms will sometimes hit is the simple fact that we have seen them hit before. And there's a reason why we want to know: we have massive cities whose services will be interrupted, supply lines and resources that can grind to a halt, and economic cycles that will take big hits if the storm is bad enough. It benefits us to know when a storm might happen, recognize storms with a potential to cause damage, and communicate warnings to people and businesses in the path of one.

2. Native Americans (generally speaking, I'm not restricting the discussion to Seminoles here) had pretty complex societies that ranged from communal to urban and from nomadic to semi-nomadic to sedentary. Storms had the potential to disrupt lifestyles for all of these types: they could sever communities temporarily, they could displace resources and cause herd migrations, and they could ruin settlements and agricultural prospects for a given season. Native societies had as much if not more on the line as we do today in the face of a massive storm and, of course, they had to adapt to such events.

I am not an expert on Native American societies, and I would really appreciate it if someone who is would comment to help source the record, but looking at other societies around the world (we might consider "primitive" in comparison to modern society) it's not hard to imagine Natives had a few different responses to weather patterns: record-keeping, observation, and communication.

The Cherokee, the Creek, the Iroquois, Algonquians, the Seminoles, and any mainly-Atlantic societies would have had to contend with storms like hurricanes. Some more so than others, but cyclonic events have impacted a stunning range of geographic locations in the past century alone. For the most part, these societies were also agrarian and heavily invested in agriculture, and thus it would have behooved them to keep records on the weather in previous years to guide them to decisions on farming in the current year. Knowledge of the weather was of massive importance to these societies, and you can see that importance in the way that the weather was treated in a religious sense: dances, divinations, and rituals which were massively popular among communities and not only helped shape cultural identities but also disseminated knowledge of the weather among the general populace. And because most major societies inhabited regions for decades if not centuries, these records could help them arrive at observations about cycles in climate in addition to observations of changing weather in the natural world: herds could migrate to escape storms, water levels would rise with storm surges, brush fires were particularly intense during dry season and droughts, etc.

As for communication, this comes from sort of a general observation of global societies. The Inca utilized a massive road system (sometimes called the "Great Andean Road") all throughout their empire, linking disparate communities to each other via Incan cultural centers. The Celts in pre-Roman Europe were also fairly well-connected with each other utilizing river corridors and coastal littorals in addition to overland routes. Any news of a big storm or a major weather system in the Americas could have easily traveled the length of a particular region ahead of its arrival, depending on how able Native communities were in relaying the message.

I'd appreciate having more sources, but unfortunately I'm short on time and content. I've also written about the usage of "outside," and while I don't think it's racist I do think it's misinformed. Assuming that post wasn't deleted, you can find it under the mod post.

TL;DR: Record-keeping, observations, and general communication.

They looked up. Seriously. I can't talk about what Native Americans actually did when a hurricane was coming but I can tell you what they saw.

I'm having a hard time finding images of rainbands as they look from the ground but they're very distinctive. Picture curved clouds from horizon to horizon with blue sky in between. Then there's the rain and wind that comes with each band.

You can see these bands for hours, even days, before a hurricane hits. The bands slowly get tighter and tighter, accompanied by more and more violent rains and winds. You might be picturing a hurricane as a sudden, violent storm but it's not. They come on slowly and recede slowly. Natives didn't need a satellite view to predict a hurricane.

I can't stress enough that rainbands look and act very differently than typical storm clouds. They "circle" around in ways that normal storm clouds do not. Once you've seen a hurricane roll in you won't forget it.

So, to the question of how Seminoles predicted hurricanes. I can't speak to whether they kept records but it's almost statistically impossible to live in Florida for 20 years and not experience a hurricane. No one had to keep records or refer to the village elder. The hallmarks of an impending hurricane would have been known back to prehistory.

tl;dr Hurricanes form very distinctive weather patterns and move slowly. This would not have been lost to anyone living in a hurricane prone area.

Hi there, while there's always more to be said on the topic, this section of our FAQ may be of interest to you.

Regarding

I couldn't imagine being outside in 140 mph winds.

I'm not sure why you assume being a native American means you'd be "outside." The indigenous people of the Americas constructed a wide variety of dwellings, which were suited to local weather conditions as well as their group's lifestyles.

Edit: Yes, you are correct that modern construction does not deal well with major hurricanes or tornadic winds. The stereotype I am pushing back against is that native Americans were primitive people who didn't know how to construct or seek out shelters.