This probably isn't exactly what you're thinking of, but it fits the general idea of "intelligence" as knowing what your enemy is up to. A very obvious example of a technology specifically for this purpose is radar, which both the Allies and the Axis possessed and utilized throughout the war, with varying degrees of success.

Britain famously defended herself against Germany's air assault in 1940 in part through the use of her Chain Home radar system. When the tables turned later in the war and the Allies heavily bombed Axis targets, Germany too had radar technology and utilized it to detect incoming bombers and coordinate their fighter and anti-aircraft defenses.

Famously, the Allied air forces were able to partially neutralize German radar defenses through the use of "Window" or "Chaff", bits of metallized material that could be dropped over a target to generate false radar echoes (they had held off on using this for over a year out of fear that the Germans would figure out how it worked and copy it, although it turns out the Germans had already come up with the idea themselves but hadn't used it for the same reason).

German scientists then devised a little-known but quite ingenious passive radar system named Klein Heidelberg. "Normal" radar is a system that broadcasts pulses and detects reflections; a passive radar system is one that only detects reflections, relying on an unrelated, external source for the initial pulses. In the case of Klein Heidelberg, the source of the initial pulses was Britain's own Chain Home radar system!

The system worked like this: a German receiving station was matched with a particular Chain Home broadcasting station. Electronic circuitry measured the time difference between the arrival of each "ping" directly from the CH station, and the arrival of a ping reflected off an aircraft (which had farther to travel than the direct route). This gave the location of the aircraft somewhere along a known ellipse, the foci of which were the CH station and the German receiving station. Since the extremely precise German detection equipment was also able to give an accurate bearing of the reflection (i.e. its compass direction), they were able to calculate very accurately the location of aircraft. And it was unaffected by Window since CH used longer wavelengths than Window was designed to block.

In the event, the system only came online in late 1944, so it was really too late to have any effect. R.V. Jones and others in the Allied intelligence community were made aware of Klein Heidelberg, and they discussed ways of defeating or spoofing it, but it was decided that Chain Home was too important for V1 defense to turn off.

Sources:

R.V. Jones, Most Secret War
Hugh Griffiths and Nicholas Willis, Klein Heidelberg - a WW2 bistatic radar system that was decades ahead of its time

For Air Intelligence, the Germans would fly repeated missions over areas to make sure they had a constant progression of photographs. They then used these photos to help prepare for ground attacks and offensive. They also flew JU-88's which none of the Allied planes could reach. These took high altitude and resolution photos which were given to the Abwehr (German military intelligence).

An example of a German agent doing something extraordinary was the obtaining of a US Norden Bomb sight. If you didn't know, the US was the first country to develop practical bomb sights for high altitude bombing so they could hit targets with some level of accuracy. Both the Germans and the Japanese wanted these bomb sights so they could develop better ones. A German agent obtained the blueprints for the sights and passed it along early in the war. The Germans then made their own version and used it in their bombers.

In the North African campaign, the 621st radio company (under Rommel) helped get information on the British units in the region with extreme accuracy. This allowed the Germans to win some much needed victories as well.

The Germans also cracked the British Naval code early in the war and scored some victories.

German U Boats also deciphered phone conversations between FDR and Churchill for most of the war (while this is extremely successful in terms of intelligence work it didn't produce much of military value)

That's all I can really think right now.

During the counter intelligence operation best know under the name "Das Englandspiel" the Germans managed to succesfully infilitrate the British intelligence network based in the occupied Netherlands, which lead to the capture and deaths of quite a few Dutch intelligence agents working for the Brits.

One of the Axis successes was in decrypting some American radio traffic early in the war. Col. Bonner Fellers was the military attaché to the American embassy in Alexandria Egypt starting in late 1940 and he sent everything he found back to the states. He was ordered to use a code system that had been broken, and for a while Rommel knew all of the British troop movement and much of the convoy schedule.