In the sense that we understand environmentalism, no; however, there was a broad sense that the new wave of manufacturing was impacting the world around the major cities.

Perhaps the most well-known example in popular culture was the patriotic poem, and later song, Jerusalem, penned sometime between 1804 and 1808. This would have been the early period of what we consider to be the Industrial Revolution; one of its stanzas refers to "these dark Satanic mills," a reference to the burgeoning factories in cities such as Birmingham and London. Various commentators have speculated that this line refers more to the changing social conditions brought by industrialization than to its environmental effects - I am inclined to believe it was likely a combination of the two.

Later into the period we commonly think of as the Industrial Revolution, you do start to see movements that are unambiguously concerned with the environmental deprivations of the era - notably, the Alkali Acts, a series of laws passed between 1863 and 1906, represent one of the first concerted efforts to regulate harmful emissions from factories. During this period, in 1898 specifically, the Coal Smoke Abatement Society was formed - one of the world's earliest environmental NGOs, concerned as its name implies with the large volume of smoke and smog emitted from the factories and suggesting that earlier regulatory acts hadn't quite reached their desired outcome.

This is, of course, a very broad overview, and I'd welcome anyone else who can chime in.