How Were Japanese Messages Transmitted During WWII?

by hardraada

Hey All, I know that the US (and Allies?) were able to break a number of codes that really helped swing the Pacific War in their favor. What I am wondering is how messages were actually sent. From what I understand of it, the US sent most messages using Morse code so that each letter was encoded as a series of pulses. Did the Japanese have their own system like Morse to encode Japanese characters? I did some digging and came up with the "Purple" machine which sounds like it used a variant of the Roman alphabet and I guess was transmitted in Morse, but the article also seems to imply it was not the only machine used to encrypt messages. If they used a code different from Morse, was it publicly known or did the cryptographers have to "break" it as well? I have a very basic understanding of both the Japanese language/writing system and cryptography, so my apologies if my assumptions are incorrect.

cckerberos

The Japanese also sent most messages in Morse code.

I don't know how familiar you are with Japanese text, but the language includes two syllabaries (known as "kana") in addition to the thousands of characters borrowed from China. Each syllabary consists of only 47 symbols, so coming up with a version of Morse code for kana wasn't difficult.

You can see an explanation of this code as well as several of the abbreviations used in it on pages 49 to 59 of Tactical and Technical Trends, No. 12, a US War Department journal from 1942.