I've looked every where for a single source which details the way humans lived during each age (Stone Age, Bronze Age, dark age, etc...) along with the key events and discoveries of those eras, preferably in chronological order, but haven't found anything. Does such a source exist?
Of course. You could look in any introductory textbook on prehistoric archaeology. For example:
Or you could check out the articles on those respective periods in reference works like the Encyclopedia of Archaeology, the Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology, the Encyclopedia of Prehistory, About.com Archaeology or simply Wikipedia.