Were ancient Egyptian scribes in the Pharaoh's court paid with food/clothing rations (like laborers and village scribes, etc), or was that form of payment below their position?

by CrateMayne

Hey all,

Was hoping someone might have some insights into this random historical question that seems to be a bit too specific for my Google skills. No homework question here, just wanted to fact check for my little video game how a scribe working in the Pharaoh's court should have their earned wages (aka their score) be represented as :)

I've come across the various common forms of payment that a village scribe might earn (bread, beer, clothing, meat)... But I'd assume the status of top scribe brings along with it better wages/wealth than just extra life necessities? Maybe Gold, Silver, or Copper? Or land?

Any tomb walls, texts, etc from any of the various Egyptian periods to provide insights on this?

Thanks for any potential help!

ianwill93

Thankfully we have a great source on economics from professor Brian Muhs of the Oriental Institute at the University of Chicago.

In his recent book "The Ancient Egyptian Economy", he outlines the method for Redistribution of materials within the economy. In the Middle Kingdom, one of the major points in the Distributive Network were the Royal Mortuary Temples. The bureaucrats & nobility would serve some of these temples in "phyles" of 18 people. There were 4 such groups that would take turns serving the Mortuary Temple. The only permanent hands at the temple were the Overseer of the Temple, as well as the Chief Lector Priest. All other priests, staff, and the Temple Scribe were on a rotation.

Now that we've got the context out of the way, what was the pay like? Well in Papyrus Berlin P. 10005 we read a record of the daily income for the temple as 410 loaves of bread, 63 jars of beer, and 172 jars. The Lion's share went to the God himself, and the Overseer of the Temple would himself receive 16-2/3 loaves, 8-1/3 jars of beer, and 27-2/3 jars. In contrast, our little Scribe would only receive 2-2/9 loaves, 1-1/9 Beer Jars, and 3-31/45 Jars.

So not only would the average scribe not receive a special type of pay, but he also made less than a typical noble or Priest would.

One thing to note about all Scribes is that they were not exactly always just a scribe. As mentioned in the example above, the Temple Scribe for the Valley Temple of Senusert II would've needed another source of income during the time that he was not under the Temple's employ.

As Prof.Barbara Mertz put it, Scribes "at the top of the ladder were administrators, courtiers, high-ranking priests, and soldiers. A lower level scribe was an army, temple, or court scribe". Temple and Court scribes are particularly ubiquitous. So if you mean, "would a scribe have some special type of compensation?" the answer is no. However, if he was already a powerful priest/noble, then yes he could expect to undertake more entrepreneurial pursuits. And one thing that all scribes enjoyed was the fact that they didn't have to do any back breaking work outside, as the great scribal instruction texts tell us. One such text included the line: "Let me tell you the miserable occupations of the fool who does not listen to his father and become an excellent scribe. He is in the boat and has become one with the Crocs and Hippos..." So that in itself was a major boon for them.

Another consideration for your video game is that gold as a method of exchange was not typical of the native Egyptian dynasties. Pay would've been calculated under their "deben" system. 1 deben was equal to about 91 grams or 3.2 oz. Something could be worth 15 deben in copper, gold, etc. and that was the value assigned to it. Then, that item could be traded for something else of a similar value, or less if the buyer was just as satisfied with the deal.

So grain or beer ingredients would have a value that is not necessarily just consumption. They could be traded for a luxury you desired.

Hopefully this was helpful. The Barbara Mertz source is her "Red Land, Black Land" book. And I also wholeheartedly recommend Prof Muhs' amazing book on the Ancient Egyptian Economy. Here is a great lecture by the professor at the Oriental Institute on some of the economic factors in good ol' Kmt.

Hope this helps!