This was answered in quite some depth in an AskHistorians question here!

It's not exactly what you're asking, but it does cover some of the acts that could result in transportation to Australia (under a discussion about an Australian wine brand).

Reply is from /u/Brassafrax.

Edit: Fixed the link.

On top of that considering most criminals are men where did all the women in Australia come from?

aside from the responses linked below, i would recommend reading "The Fatal Shore" by Robert Hughes. It describes the penal / transportation history in a brilliant way. made a huge impression on me as a young man reading it for the first time.