In Western culture it was similar, yes? With a King and lords ruling over a specific area of land.

I can't offer a full answer to your question (since I have only a very superficial understanding of pre-modern Japan), but I can say that this part is significantly more complex than how you've written it here. Governmental systems across Western Europe were not stable, consistent or even particularly systematic across time and space and in many cases simply came down to ad hoc arrangements. There were many parts of Europe which didn't fit at all even into the general 'king and lords' model, most notably in Italy, as well as in various parts of Eastern France and Germany where bishops or archbishops were the rulers of territories.

The contrast between European 'feudal society' and Japanese 'feudal society' remains fascinating, however, because you're right that on the surface there more than a few similarities. Given the complexity of the European situation (and I have no doubt that there are similar complexities on the Japanese side) I would be surprised if many of these similarities held up upon closer examination. I think the one big problem with this questions is that nobody has serious considered a comparative history of 'feudal' Europe and Japan since Marc Bloch in the 1930s, probably because of the huge amount of work involved to adequately learn and understand all the required sources and languages. I certainly hope someone gets around to it eventually though.