Having done some reading on the early history of Christianity, it occured to me that while "miracles" feature very strongly in the writing of early Christian writers (e.g. St. Augustin), the way these writers reason about miracles as acts of God seems to presuppose a concept of "determinism" in the natural world which, in my impression, appears out of thin air at the turn of the Christian era. To pre-Christian paganism, almost anything was the act of some deity, except perhaps for very mundane events, such as gravity and basic mechanics. Why do the crops grow? Demeter. Why are there storms at sea? Poseidon. Why is there thunder and lightning? Zeus. Putting the measurement of early Christian writers to the assumptions paganism had about the natural world would make almost any phenomenon a "miracle", and yet we find that Christianity did not simply reattribute all those acts of pagan deities to the One God, but instead, to Christianity, miracles are a few very isolated instances. So, where did Christianity take the idea of declaring most phenomena to not be caused by divine acts? Is it inherited from Judaism? Or were there philosophical traditions influential before the turn of the Christian era that informed the concept of natural determinism, or at least declared that some acts beyond the "usual" acts of deities were "miraculous"?
Christians thought the physical world was run divinely as well, They thought God made it rain and made the stars move and made the crops grow, etc.
The word for "miracle" in the New Testament is semeion, which literally means "sign." The kind of miracles you're talking about are acts or phenomena which show a particular deity's special power, especially as performed through human agency. There was no concept of "determinism" in the sense you are talking about, but there was a sense of "natural order." That is, they understood how things normally happened and were capable of understanding if something didn't happen the way it normally would. They had concepts of "wonders." The Old Testament Hebrew word translated as "miracle" is mopheth, which means something like "amazing deed." It means something really ostenstatious or showy. Something that will really get your attention. This is an idea that existed long before Christianity, both in Judaism and in Paganism. Moses and the prophets did miracles, of course and some other extra-Biblical, pre-Christian Jewish figures as well, such as Honi the Circle Maker. Pagan Temples and priestcraft also had a concept of such thing and to some degree used stage magic to simulate wonders. A lot of pagan temples used mechanical tricks to make figures appear to levitate or dance, make doors open and close, etc. Temples to Dionysus had fountains which would appear to turn into wine and the like.
Concepts of magic obviously existed as well. The natural order was always perceived by Jews, Pagans and Christians alike as being divinely orchestrated, but there was also a recognition of the concept of that divine order being interrupted or that a particular god or gods could be invoked to show something counter to the usual order as a sign of power or favor.