The effects were being felt far earlier than 1870: machine tools, factories, mills...these were all on the landscape by the earlier 1800's, and the steam engine ( Newcommen) was being employed far earlier than 1780- it was being used to drain mines in the first half of the century. And agriculture was very much affected by the Industrial Revolution before 1870, the McCormick reaper and the Tull seed-drill being good examples. And the cotton industry in the southern US would not have been nearly as profitable 1830-1865 if the cotton gin had not been invented, and the new textile mills in England hadn't created such a huge demand.

However , you have a good point. The steam engine, and steam engine driven machinery, were seen in mass-production- factories and mills before it really made itself felt in agriculture. That would come with the advent of the steam traction engine later in the 19th c. But even the traction engines were pretty much portable energy sources used for processing. Steam engines were ( and usually are) rather large and heavy. As well as the engine and valve gear, they had heavy strong boilers, heavy steam and water lines, fuel boxes, water tanks, feed pumps and condensation pumps. It was difficult to make them mobile. A traction engine was slowly and carefully driven to a good spot, then set up and used to power an operation like threshing. Getting one to do something like plow a field or pull a wagon would never become practical. So something with a better power-to-weight ratio had to come along to displace draft animals. It really is not too surprising that tractors would be invented and displace mules only after WWI, when Henry Ford was able to employ automobile technology to do it.