Pretty widespread.

Now, obviously we have Islamic religious strictures against drinking. These developed in stages, so for instance verse 43 of Sura an-Nisa (Q4:43) just says that you can't be three sheets to the wind while praying. But then in Q2:219 alcohol generally is said to be both a great sin but also to have some benefit. Finally in Q5:90 alcohol (literally "khamr", "wine", but later interpreted to mean all alcohol) is described as a work of Satan to be avoided entirely.

But the pre-Islamic near east, both Roman and Persian, had extensive alcohol cultures and these did not disappear overnight (and indeed, with a handful of exceptions, alcohol culture has not disappeared from the Middle East down to today.) So for the first couple hundred years after the rise of Islam, even leaving aside Islamic religious debates about alcohol consumption, you had the entire non-Muslim production and consumption of alcohol continuing un-abated.

After that, in the Abbasid era when society had more generally Islamized and even Arabized it's clear that alcohol is still widely consumed and easily available. So-called 'wine poetry' (khamriyyat) constitute an entire genre of Abbasid literature. Some of this poetry is sufistic/religious and may be metaphorical but the vast majority is well-informed about the consumption of alcohol.

While these poems are quite a good source in and of themselves for what wine culture in the Abbasid era was like, we have others. So in the Maqamat of Hamadhani, for instance, we have the Maqama of Wine. This translation is a pretty stilted but basically describes our protagonists arriving at a tavern:

He said: 'Now when the day was, or almost was, in its death throes, we beheld and lo! there were the banners of the wine-shops 4 like stars in a pitch-dark night. At the sight of them we exchanged gifts of gladness, announced to one another the glad tidings of a brilliant night, and arrived at the one with the biggest door and the stoutest dogs. And we made the dinar our leader and recklessness a thing inseparable from us. We were conducted to the possessor of a beautiful form, dalliance, and a slender waist,--when her glances killed, her words made alive again. She received us well and hastened to kiss our heads and hands while her aliens 5 hurried to unsaddle the camels and the horses.'

This is the era probably most pertinent to discussing the Arabian nights, but as your question was about the "pre-modern" era, alcohol culture certainly continued after the Abbasids. Turkic meyhanes, taverns, were a feature of the entire pre-modern Turkic domains.