Why yes, there was. The famous Bajiquan master, Li Shuwen, was known as "神枪李书文", "The Spear God". He is famous for boasting that "He didn't know what it felt like to hit someone twice". Bajiquan is known mostly today in China as a close-combat hand-to-hand style, but Li Shuwen supposedly was even better with the spear than he was with his fists. Born in the Qing Dynasty to a peasant family, he traveled over 7.5 km a day to practice his "大槍", the Long Spear, every single day. He also supposedly led a quite violent lifestyle, often injuring or killing his opponents. The legend is that his lifestyle of violence eventually caught up to him when he was poisoned by the late family of one of the challengers that he killed, but this source says that he instead passed away in 1934 from a stroke at the age of 74.

He did instruct in the spear style, however his spear style is not as well passed down since apparently he only taught his most inner trusted of students. His best student, Liu Yunqiao, emigrated to Taiwan and founded the Wutan Bajiquan branch, which is probably the closest you can get to what Li Shuwen's style originally was.

There are an awful lot of societies that used spears, with an awful lot of spear styles. Anything I personally know about spear styles is only from learning some soujutsu, so I shouldn't be relied on for much of anything, but people who would know need to have more information about time and place. Certainly what can be said is that generally the answer to your questions is a definitive "yes." Soujutsu schools still exist in Japan, many of them tracing their lineages back to renowned spear masters, such as the Houzouin school, which claims foundation by Houzouin Inei, who is credited by the school with inventing their jumonji yari. I expect much the same from other cultures, and I hope someone more qualified than I can provide you with that information--anything I say will be anecdotal, and I'm a classicist anyway. But more information will surely be needed for better answers

One available for Western styles is La Jeu de la Hache - The Play of the (pole)Axe. It covers some fairly interesting stances and I even used it to help with my own sparring. While not a spear in the strictest sense, many of its lessons are similar at least for the purposes of dueling with e.g. a spear.