I think it's tough to answer this definitively. Sirius is an incredibly bright star and therefore an important icon in many traditions. I'm a little more familiar with the Western tradition though have a little background in some of the others as well.

In the Western world of the early Egyptians/Greeks, the heliacal rise of Sirius (when it would first appear in the sky again for the season) indicated both the time of late summer heat, the Nile flooding season, and the start of the agricultural season (see Anthony Aveni's The Book of the Year: A Brief History of Our Seasonal Holidays). The Egyptians did not originally see the star as a dog though but instead as Sopdet/Sothis; only later would the connection between the two be made (see Plutarch, specifially Plutarch's Morals: Translated from the Greek by Several Hands). The dog ended up being the constellation (Canis Major) that followed the hunter Orion.

In Chinese astronomy, Sirius is associated with the [Well mansion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Well_(Chinese_constellation)) but is actually a wolf. In Native American astronomy, there were many that saw Sirius as a dog or wolf or coyote (see Jay Holberg's Sirius: Brightest Biamond in the Night Sky) but many that do not. In the case of the Tohono O'odham, it was a dog that followed sheep but for the Cherokee it along with Antares guarded the "path of souls", or the Milky Way. Holberg himself says that "the numerous and widespread assocations with dogs and wolves that do exist are curious. It is not inconceivable that some of this lore may well have cross the Bering Straits with one or more groups of ancient people from northeastern Asia during the last Ice Age" but unfortunately I believe that is unsourced speculation (though Holberg does have the book about the history of this star). I would say that in general, there are lots of coincidental constellations and stars across cultures though perhaps not as prevalent as this one.