What are some books like The Conquest of New Spain that go into detail about first hand accounts of indigenous people, their culture, religions especially, etc? From first contact up through the 19th century
Also what are some primary Sources on the Indian Wars?
This is something I'm currently working on, admittedly, I can't talk in depth about the whole period (as I only really work on the 15th, 16th and 20th centuries, in the field of depictions of race), but I'd be happy to oblige in relation to what I've read! The Key texts which I currently work with in the field of Latin American Colonial studies are:
1 La Carta a Luis Santangel, Columbus (1493), retrieved: http://eada.lib.umd.edu/text-entries/columbus-letter-to-santangel/ 30/01/2017 (english translation version - If you'd prefer Spanish, I have the text for that also!)
This was the letter sent by Columbus to report back on his findings from his first voyage, it's an incredibly interesting account of his perceptions of the New World, the indigenous people and the potential he believes it held for Spain.
2 El Diario de 1492, Columbus (1492), retrieved: http://www.swarthmore.edu/SocSci/bdorsey1/41docs/01-col.html 30/01/2017
This details Columbus' first contact with the indigenous in the October of 1492. It, much like the letter to Santangel, gives an in depth account of the experiences of Columbus and his crew. (Please note, several parts of the full source of this were filled in by Bartolome de las casas, hence some historians have been critical about it's clarity).
3 Sumario de la natural historia de las indias (1526) and Historia General y natural de las indias (1535), Gonzalo Fernandez de Oviedo.
These texts outline Oviedo's discoveries and experiences in the new world, during some of the later trips to the new world. He goes in depth, describing flora and fauna, as well as noting the indigenous peoples and some of their distinct cultures.
4 Memorial de Remedios para las indias, Bartolome de las casas (1516)
This work, outlines what Las casas believed to be the issues of colonization in the new world. More specifically he comments on the need to bring christianity to the indigenous, and integrate it into their culture. This gives us one of the most detailed descriptions of how indigenous culture could be adapted and how the colonists ought to be limited in their powers over them.
5 Una Brevisima relacion de la destruccion de las indias, Bartolome de las casas (1542, pub. 1552)
This account references mainly the mistreatment of indigenous people and shows massive opposition to the Spanish method of colonisation. Some historians have also linked it to the enforcement of the New Laws of 1542 (described by some as the first civil rights law for native peoples).
Apologetica historia summaria de las gentes destas, Bartolome de las casas (1552)
This work brings together several pieces of work into a single piece, containing descriptions of indigenous cultures in great detail. The piece was highly controversial, as, for the first time, it compared the culture of the americas to that of Roman and Greek classical civilization. It is now key in terms of understanding attitudes towards the indigenous in Europe during the 16th century.
6 Cartas y relaciones de Hernan Cortes al emperador Carlos V, Hernan Cotres (1511-1547), retrieved: https://www.historians.org/teaching-and-learning/teaching-resources/teaching-and-learning-in-the-digital-age/the-history-of-the-americas/the-conquest-of-mexico/letters-from-hernan-cortes
These letters, from the infamous Hernan Cortes, detail his explorations into what became 'New Spain' and in turn, his conquest of the Aztec peoples.
I hope those help, feel free to come back with any questions!
EDIT: Formatting