Islam certainly offered a state with codified laws, and with that came stability. Prior to Islam, Arabia was more or less a land ungoverned by any central authority outside of the most wealthy large tribes that controlled trade and the pagan idols in Mecca. These tribes all had asymmetric ideas about morality. I agree that Islam afforded women the right to property, choose her own husband, educate herself, and protected girls from infanticide. I don't think it was impossible for women to gain any notoriety nor wealth prior to Islam, (if you are familiar at all with the life of Muhammad, he married a wealthy businesswoman prior to receiving the first revelations of Islam).
Islam definitely gave incentives to reduce slavery. One incentive was as an atonement for certain sins. They were to be clothed and fed like how their masters were, and they were to not be called derogatory names.
As far as warfare is concerned, the following rules of war were established:

"In a famous decree, Abu Bakr al-Siddiq, the first Caliph, told his military commander: “Stop, O people, that I may give you ten rules for guidance on the battlefield. Do not commit treachery or deviate from the right path. You must not mutilate dead bodies; do not kill a woman, a child, or an aged man; do not cut down fruitful trees; do not destroy inhabited areas; do not slaughter any of the enemies’ sheep, cow or camel except for food; do not burn date palms, nor inundate them; do not embezzle (e.g. no misappropriation of booty or spoils of war) nor be guilty of cowardliness…You are likely to pass by people who have devoted their lives to monastic services; leave them alone."

The modern Salafist movement surprises me a lot. They claim to wish to return to the pure form of Islam as practiced during the 7th century, but they are extraordinarily conservative (in general). Yet, during the early age of Islam, women spoke freely to men in the markets and at the mosques, studied alongside men, taught men, and even fought in wars with men..!

So yes, one could argue that Islam definitely uprooted the social norms at the time, and that Islam entered it's Enlightenment period fairly quickly, but progress certainly wasn't linear. The Almohad Berber invasion revoked much of the 'tolerance' that Andalusia, Spain was known for. Followed by the Mongol invasions, Islam was significantly weakened.