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Dikotter's new book "The Cultural Revolution: A People's History 1962-1976" is pretty good. He summarises the Revolution as being "a bold project, one that aimed to eradicate all traces of the past".

Also mentioned is that it was Mao's second attempt to "become the historical pivot around which the socialist universe revolved", so it is possible to relate the significance of the Revolution to the tensions between the USSR and China during the Cold War.

The cultural revolution and the communist takeover are decades apart and during the cultural revolution Mao purged most of the extant communist institution like young pioneer's organisation and replaced the short history of the communist party of china with a booklet of his own quotations. Essentially he was purging opposition within the communist party after the great leap forward proved to be a failure and he had every reason to fear losing power.

This I'm telling you without being a historian. Take it as a suggestion to word your question more precisely so that you even could receive a reply. "Summarise the history of China between the 1920s and the 1970s" is something you should better ask google first.