It depends. More than likely, no. The thing about the founding fathers is that none of them ever agreed on anything. George Washington was an adamant isolationist, which is why the US broke their treaty with France to help them during their revolution like they did for us.

After the US gained independence from Great Britain, there were two major ways of thinking, the first being that to maintain and grow our new country we must remain isolated and not get involved in global politics, which is what George Washington wanted. The second was more like "HOLY SHIT WE JUST BEAT THE GREATEST SUPERPOWER IN THE WORLD WE CAN DO ANYTHING LET'S GET INVOLVED IN THE ENTIRE WORLD!" which was more Thomas Jefferson's way of thinking.

In the end, obviously the viewpoint of the President won, and we remained isolated for the time. So my answer would be that no, the founding fathers did not anticipate being a superpower.