Certainly. You can read about some notable developers in Replay by Tristan Donovan, Games Around the World edited by Mark J P Wolf, and the small bits on Hardcore Gaming 101 about Soviet countries.

Probably the best known studio that arose from the Soviet Union was one called Novatrade, a Hungarian group. They worked with Andromeda Software, the same firm that licensed Tetris, as well as programmed the game Ecco the Dolphin for Sega.

After the breakup of the Soviet Union, there was obviously a lot more out of Eastern Europe, especially in the military sim genre. Bohmeia Interactive didn't begin in the Soviet Union, but its founders all lived through that experience and its shaped their commitment to games as a whole.