Why did Napoleon choose to invade the Russian Empire over the Ottoman Empire?

by trying_2_B_better

It seems an easier take with similar reward. Beyond that, controlling the Dardanelles would give him a strategic advantage if Russia were his final goal. Any insight?

Devilb0y

Andrew Roberts contests in his book 'Napoleon & Wellington' that the invasion of Russia was ostensibly an attempt to re-enforce the 'Continental System' (effectively a European trade embargo with Britain) - which Russia had begun to ignore, but was also motivated by Napoleon's personal political concerns.

In the years leading up to the invasion Wellington had continued to prove a growing annoyance in the Peninsular War, one which the French Marshalls tasked with defeating him failed to deal with for a number of reasons. Aided by the growing strength of the Spanish insurgent forces, Roberts suggests with some credibility that by 1812 Napoleon may have suspected that the war had become unwinnable and had begun looking elsewhere for a victory over his European enemies. Perhaps tellingly, Napoleon had never become personally involved in the conflict in Iberia despite having several chances to do so, choosing instead to micro-manage his marshals there to the point of being a hindrance. It is also speculated by Roberts (and others at the time) that Napoleon's personal pride may have played a part in rendering him unwilling to enter a war which offered little opportunity for the glory of a resounding Austerlitz-style victory, and may in fact have tarnished his reputation.

The result of this was that Napoleon found his political dominance over Europe weakened by that frustrating conflict and himself in search of a big symbolic victory over his enemies. Austria had effectively become a - slightly unwilling - ally (Napoleon having married an Austrian princess), the British were protected at home by the Royal Navy and abroad were tying up a large number of French troops in Spain and Portugal, so Napoleon opted for Russia. A quick, definitive victory over them would solidify his position both at home and across Europe without having to become embroiled in the guerilla war in Iberia.

So to answer your question: the Ottoman empire was never considered as a target because it was not a significant trade partner of the British and didn't offer anything politically by defeating. Napoleon wanted to defeat Russia because he believed it would re-assert his rule over Europe and hurt the British without forcing him to fight them in the Peninsular War, which he didn't seem to have any interest in doing. The invasion of Russia was intended to be a symbol of Napoleonic power and authority as much as it was a legitimate strategic conflict. Beating the ailing Ottoman Empire just wouldn't have sent the same message as a European powerhouse like Russia.

Edit: changed some wording as this was written on mobile.

Neosantana

He did invade the Ottoman Empire and failed. Do you mean a campaign by land, crossing the Dinaric Alps?