How effective were ground-based anti-aircraft defenses in WW2?

by AOEUD
Bigglesworth_

Quantifying effectiveness is tricky; I wrote a little in a previous thread, [In WW2 how often did AA guns actually hit their target?] (https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/5c9lyr/in_ww2_how_often_did_aa_guns_actually_hit_their/), that might be of interest.