WW1 Trench Raiding

by lordshield900

I had read on another post here a couple of weeks back that in larger trench raids, artillery was extensively used.

They described how the artillery would literally create a box of fire around the area that would be raided so that nobody could escape and no reinforcements could come in.

I have been wanting to read more about trench raiding and delved into many accounts, but could find no reference to this tactic being used.

Did this actually happen? If so, that would be insane.

neoprodi

Boxing was indeed used during raids ! However, you have to note that it was only for the biggest raids, organized a such. Small-time raids did not always have the support of the artillery. I can provide you with the account of one of the most decisive trench raid of the war, for the French army. Here’s the account of the raid (in French) : http://en.calameo.com/read/00036862923a9bc70379c

I will summarize the whole thing here.

The raid was organized by the 132nd Division in order to complete, by interrogations of prisoners, the indices collected by the air of an imminent German offensive. The German offensive against the Fourth Army in the Reims area was certain, but it was essential to know the date and the time. The raid took place on the 14th of July 1918.

The chosen area of action was a square of 500 m by 500 with four German trenches ( nicknamed Adrianople, Tirnova, Radius, Cubitus). The assault detachment is provided the elite grenadiers groups of the 366th infantry regiment and two "line" sections. The whole group is commanded by Lieutenant Balestie and represents 174 infantrymen, reinforced by 16 sappers for the destruction, three teams of flamethrowers and 8 stretcher bearers. The artillery support consists of four batteries of 75mm guns and the 155 mm group of the division, to ensure the opening of the necessary gaps, boxing of the objective , machine gun neutralization and smoke blinding of enemy observatories.

Since you were interested in boxing (in french “encagement”), here’s how it worked : with the progress in materials and tactics, artillery is indeed capable of encircling the enemy, to imprison it in a square of shell closed on three sides. The fourth side, where the assault is launched is also closed, but by a movable barrier which serves to create breaches in the barbed wire, then, by continuing its movement of piston towards the interior of the square, to chase the sentinels and finally to force the enemy to go inside his shelters. At the same time, machine guns provide a constant fire to further close the box on its sides. Lets go back to the raid of the 14th of July !

The operation begins at 7:55 pm, which is relatively early in order to allow to rapidly gather information. The operation of breaching in the barbed wire is carried out by the sappers under the protection of the artillery. The breach is made, the assault detachment breaks into five columns while a sixth element keeps the point of entry. The men are in light dress with no identification of names, grades or units. The armament is left to their initiative, the orders are only to take ten grenades per man and an incendiary grenade per officer.

Each of the columns has a trench route to explore and must place a team of five or six men on each of the key points. One of these columns, the Grenadiers of the 4th Battalion, was commanded by Sergeant Darnand, the future Chief of the Vichy Militia. He reaches the Cubitus trench, the ultimate goal of the attack, attacks the shelter there and returns with 18 prisoners. The return is made by successive steps, by the same routes. Each group leaves its goal only after having gathered those who were more forward.

At the cost of two killed and a few wounded, the detachment brought back 27 prisoners and enemy equipment. The interrogation of the prisoners made it possible to know that the German attack was planned for the same night with an artillery preparation at 1 am planned to last from 3 to 4 hours. A map of the full deployment of minenwerfers (trench mortars) was discovered. All this information allowed the Fourth Army to start a powerful artillery barrage that struck the Germans on their starting line. At the same time, the first French line was evacuated and the enemy assault fell into the void. The last German offensive of the First World War failed as a result of a raid described as "historical" by General Gouraud. Each soldier who participated in the raid received 10 000 francs.

Tldr : Yes, artillery boxing was used during raids, but only at the end of the war and for especially big or important raids.

Source : Michel Goya, La chair et l'acier : l'armée française et l'invention de la guerre moderne, 1914-1918, Paris, Tallandier, 2004, 479 p.