This question is in part inspired by this post, but also a number of historical fiction novels.
In essence, I'm looking for good sources for the history of artillery guns/cannons, the industrial processes required to produce them and gunpowder/propellants. Any information would be greatly appreciated.
For the history of cannon technology as it relates to the Ottoman Empire, the book you want is Gábor Ágoston's Guns for the Sultan: Military Power and the Weapons Industry in the Ottoman Empire (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005). It covers all of the points that you're interested in.