So I have been looking at this topic and its given me a bit of confusion, the question itself is referring to the early 19th century with the emergence of many independent nations in the Americas (spanish/latin america). My main theories at the current time as to why independence came about is mostly looking at the influence of Englightment, the impact of the American/French revolutions, and the failure of the bourbon reforms.

Thank you for anyone that could spare some time to help me get a better understanding of this!