German here. I asked a relative who was a student in East Germany and became a teacher for Math and physics. He later went on to teach Marxism-Lenism because they had nobody else for the job.

He said the questions were pretty much the same as you'd expect for any other text book - meant to make sure that the students had read, memorised and understood the text.

The only difference was that the books were clap-trap pseudo-science and that if you consistently did bad in that subject it could influence your career in a negative way because you clearly did not have the right "attitude" towards the governement.

Imagine a textbook for use at a US highschool clearly written to promote creationism, flat earth and lizard people conspiracy theory peppered with leading questions such as "Prove that the flat earth theory is correct, use the facts mentioned on pages 45-48."

Regarding students from other countries, the biggest hurdle would usually be the language barrier. Russian was used as lingua franca, but only a few people knew Russian well enough to be fluent in it, never mind reading more complicated scientific or pseudo-scientific texts.

Those students from other countries who studied at East German universities would be subjected to the appropriate "red heat radiation" in German along with the East German students, they would take the same classes and answer the same questions in the exams as their fellow East German compatriots.

For all others I think it would be like the different flavours of Christianity. The basic tenets are the same, but the execution varies. A southern baptist attending a catholic university would get between 50-95% right in an exam on christian faith and theology, depending how in-depth it would be.