This addresses the second part of your question more than it does the first, but one significant impact of the plague was that the disease killed a very large number of priests, leading to a demand to train an equal number of replacements.

This in turn led to an expansion of the number of colleges at the University of Cambridge.

There were only four colleges – Peterhouse, Clare, Pembroke and Gonville & Caius, the latter two so new as to be barely established – at the time that the plague reached England. But Trinity Hall (1350) and Corpus Christi (1352) were both founded in its immediate aftermath.

The founder of Trinity Hall, William Bateman, the Bishop of Norwich, had lost about 700 priests in 1348-9, and its foundation was an explicit response to the plague. Corpus Christi was a foundation of the Guild of Corpus Christi, which in turn had been set up in 1349 to respond to the ravages of the Black Death.

There was no comparable expansion at Oxford, but then seven colleges already existed at that university by 1347; the plague was an important reason why Cambridge closed that gap. It's not unreasonable, then, to attribute the – undeniably culturally significant – fact that two old universities of roughly equal size, status and seniority exist in the UK at least in part to the Black Death.

And anyone visiting either Tit Hall or Corpus is walking through a place that might very well not have existed had it not been for the plague.

Hi there, that is a very large topic and there's a lot to talk about, but before an answer arrives, I think you might find these answers by /u/sunagainstgold interesting and helpful. The first one deals with the influence of the Black Death on social mobility and the second one is about medicine