No they have not, in fact lets break it down for that most famous of classes, the Essex's.

5 were assigned to the Brooklyn Navy Yard.

5 more to the Fore River Yard in Quincy Mass.

3 to the Navy Yard itself in Norfolk.

3 to the Philadelphia Navy Yard.

10 then to NNS then as the largest single yard.

However the preceding 3 Yorktown's were built by NNS, Wasp at Fore River. While the Lex was Fore River as well, and Sara at the private New York Shipbuilding Yard(in Camden NJ of course). And the follow on Midways would be split 2 at NNS and 1 at Fore River. The original Super Carriers in the Forrestal class then were split 2/2 with the New York Navy Yard and NNS.

As for how the consolidation occurred there were many moving parts. Among them the Navy getting out of the expensive business of building ships themselves and competing with private yards, the post war drought of contracts and smaller number of ships, and the general decline of US shipbuilding over the years. The last carrier not built by NNS to be in service was the Kitty Hawk which was retired in 2009 and spent her final years forward home ported in Japan in part specifically because she was the final non nuclear carrier in US service.

I would also link this previous answer of mine, which looks actually at how the decline of major US bases distributed in various port cities allowed for things like bridges to be built over ship channels, and in part it plays into the concentration of shipbuilding into a handful of yards. https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/62d2tk/since_the_us_navy_was_so_worried_about_its/