You should track down a copy of J. Samuel Walker's historiographical article from 2005, which does a really nice job of discussing the various "schools of thought" and where Walker though the "consensus" was emerging about a decade ago. It will give you a nice list of historians if you want to try and track down information about their personal contexts, though I don't know how fruitful an approach that will be (most historians do not publish a lot of personal background information that would be useful to you — those who have died may have obituaries one could consult, but historians are not quite as famous as most other people).

I have written a little bit about Walker's work here and discussed some of the earlier historiography of the bomb (e.g., Stimson's famous "The Decision to Use The Bomb" essay from 1947, which has very specific circumstances behind it). If you wanted to focus in on something like that, I might recommend Alperovitz's The Decision to Use the Bomb, which should be taken with a grain of salt as a whole (it is of the "revisionist" perspective on the use of the bombs), but whose discussion of the creation of the early history of the bomb (e.g. the Stimson article) is great.