https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/Civilization_and_religion_map_1821.jpg

This map gave me quite a good chuckle at the delicious chauvinism of painting (almost) all the western world 'enlightened', while the rest of the world is on the various lower levels. But it also got me thinking whether the classification system on this map was something the author made up, or whether these categories of civilisation level were actually commonly accepted and had definitions. What would distinguish a savage people from a barbarous one? Why are the Two Sicilies, Greece, and (former) European colonies other than the USA considered civilised, rather than enlightened? Why is Russia considered almost entirely barbarous or savage? What was the distinction between the native Americans and Africans marked as barbarous and the ones marked as savage? Additionally, I notice all non-Abrahamic religions are marked simply as 'pagan'. Would such a monolithic view of these religions have been common in the western world at the time?

EDIT: Just noticed the map is actually from 1821.