Punic cities, culture, language, and the Punic identity survived intact into late antiquity. Augustine, after all, was quite proud to claim not only Punic blood but knowledge of the Punic language. The conclusion of the Punic Wars did not, in fact, result in the mass destruction of all Punic sites or the systematic destruction of anything Punic. Far from it. Punic texts were preserved, and distributed to native African kings (likely the Numidians), and most Punic sites survived intact, and continued to be settled by the native peoples. Carthage was destroyed, yes, and not resettled until its establishment as a colony by Caesar (barring the abortive attempt to found a colony on the site by C. Gracchus). The Punic cities were hardly so united that the destruction of Carthage signified the destruction of all things Punic. Notably, Utica, the second city of Punic Africa, sided with the Romans during the Third Punic War, having at last broken free from the domination of the Carthaginians, and was rewarded with the status of a free city as well as becoming the capital of the new province of Africa. In 36 Octavian granted the inhabitants of Utica Roman citizenship. Leptis Magna, a Carthaginian tributary city, following the war was supported by the Romans in their dispute with Massinissa and in 111 was named a friend and ally of the Roman people, accepting a protecting garrison some years later. Diocletian's reformation of the imperial provinces made Leptis Magna, in which we find Punic inscriptions throughout the Principate, the capital of Africa Tripolitania. Leptis Minor defected to the Romans in the Third Punic War and was considered exempt from the lex agraria that divided up Punic land. Augustine's native Hippo was left alone by the Romans, and only formally refounded as a colony at the very end of the Republic. Romanization was never a formalized project or program. It occurred organically, as the wealthy and powerful adopted "Roman" customs and speech to communicate and fit in better with the superiors with which they interacted, spreading down through all levels of society. In Punic Africa, as in many provinces, it was not particularly thorough, nor was it intended to be--it was not "intended" to be anything, as the Roman state had no formal program. Punic inscriptions survive throughout the Roman Period, and Augustine remarked that even a viris doctissimis proditur, "it is remarked even by the most learned men" that reading Punic texts had great value--Augustine notes that Punic was still spoken as late as the fifth century.