The Bar Mitzvah is not a ceremony, it is a status. The term Bar Mitzvah literally means "He who is under [i.e. obligated to do] the Mitzvah" (by contrast, Bat Mitzvah means "She who is under [i.e. obligated to do] the Mitzvah"). 

According to Jewish law, the age by which a person is obligated to fulfill all the Mitzvot is 12 for a girl and 13 for a boy. Once a Jewish person reaches that age they are Bar/Bat Mitzvah whether they had a Bar/Bat Mitzvah ceremony or not.

Most of the customs for Bar/Bat Mitzvah ceremonies originated only recently and were not arround in the days of the Temple. So to answer your question, Jesus probably did not HAVE a Bar Mitzvah ceremony though he did BECOME Bar Mitzvah when he became 13.

Whether or not any celebrations were had and if the dates were recorded is unknown as far as I know.