Yes. Although elections to the Supreme Soviet were, as political scientists termed it, "elections without choice," it did enshrine gender equality into the Soviet constitution. Women tended to make up approximately 10-20% of local Soviet and Supreme Soviet deputies during the Lenin and Stalin periods, with an uptick Thaw and Brezhnev periods where they grew to about 40%-48% of these bodies. There was no formal gender barrier to membership in the Communist Party either.

But gender equality in law did not make for gender equality in practice. The USSR remained deeply patriarchal in ethos on a number of areas. Women might be elected by their peers as deputies to the Supreme Soviet, but the glass ceilings to actual power like the Central Committee were quite real. Women who managed to climb this greasy pole like Alexandra Kollontai tended be relegated to lower-prestige positions or drudgework within these executive organs. Many male members of the Party and other organs of the state tended to be disinterested in women's issues and female activists had to tread carefully when pushing these issues lest they appear as too bourgeois or divisive.

Sources

Lapidus, Gail Warshofsky. Women in Soviet Society: Equality, Development, and Social Change. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1979.

Wood, Elizabeth A. Baba and the Comrade: Gender and Politics in Revolutionary Russia. Indiana, Ind: Indiana University Press, 2001.