I am not an expert about all of late classical civilization, but I am quite knowledgeable about the stoics. In this reply I will describe how Epictetus ad ca. 55 - 135 AD writes about Zeus in his Discourses, and then I compare this to Plato, who died circa 348 BC.

*** Zeus as the creator of nature *** "If God had made colours, but had not made the faculty of seeing them, what would have been their use? None at all. On the other hand, if He had made the faculty of vision, but had not made objects such as to fall under the faculty, what in that case also would have been the use of it? None at all. Well, suppose that He had made both, but had not made light? In that case, also, they would have been of no use. "

In the quote above Zeus seems to be on the same power level as the Christian god. Able of willing light into existence.

Zeus as the father of all humans

"How a man should proceed from the principle of God being the father of all men to the rest

If a man should be able to assent to this doctrine as he ought, that we are all sprung from God in an especial manner, and that God is the father both of men and of gods, I suppose that he would never have any ignoble or mean thoughts about himself. But if Caesar should adopt you, no one could endure your arrogance; and if you know that you are the son of Zeus, will you not be elated? Yet we do not so; but since these two things are mingled in the generation of man, body in common with the animals, and reason and intelligence in common with the gods, many incline to this kinship, which is miserable and mortal; and some few to that which is divine and happy. Since then it is of necessity that every man uses everything according to the opinion which he has about it, those, the few, who think that they are formed for fidelity and modesty and a sure use of appearances have no mean or ignoble thoughts about themselves; but with the many it is quite the contrary."

Replace Zeus by "The lord" and the gods by the angels - and this would be indistinguishable from Christian rhetoric.

Different beliefs about "a divine being" With respect to gods, there are some who say that a divine being does not exist: others say that it exists, but is inactive and careless, and takes no forethought about anything; a third class say that such a being exists and exercises forethought, but only about great things and heavenly things, and about nothing on the earth; a fourth class say that a divine being exercises forethought both about things on the earth and heavenly things, but in a general way only, and not about things severally. There is a fifth class to whom Ulysses and Socrates belong, who say: "I move not without thy knowledge."

Summary of how Epictetus uses the words Zeus, God, Gods Epictetus uses God and Zeus interchangeably and by these words he refers to a being who controls the universe and is the father of everything. He can decide whether there be light or not. We see no division of labor between the Gods. It is as if the other Gods only exist for show, as if they are useless. Another thing: no of the gods have personality in Epictetus.

In comparison with Plato If we now look at the works of Plato every god is a person, who came into existence at some point in time. Zeus does not have the extreme prominence he has in Epictetus who mentions no other god by name. In the symposium Plato mentions Zeus 5 times, Athene 1, Apollo 3, Heracles 2, Hephaestus 2, Poseidon 1, and many other gods as well.

No god has the power of the Epictetean Zeus. Zeus is very much a person, a vengeful and humorous man as shown in the following quote from the symposium where Zeus decides how to deal with the obstinate four-legged ancestors of humanity:

At last, after a good deal of reflection, Zeus discovered a way. He said: "Methinks I have a plan which will humble their pride and improve their manners; men shall continue to exist, but I will cut them in two and then they will be diminished in strength and increased in numbers; this will have the advantage of making them more profitable to us. They shall walk upright on two legs, and if they continue insolent and will not be quiet, I will split them again and they shall hop about on a single leg."

Zeus was not even the first god. "First Chaos came, and then broad-bosomed Earth, The everlasting seat of all that is, And Love. In other words, after Chaos, the Earth and Love, these two, came into being"