From what I can tell, there is not real life person similar the the fictional Hugo Stiglitz, as in there was no imprisoned Wehrmacht officer who killed Gestapo agents.

What we know about the fictional Hugo Stiglitz is that the character takes his name from Hugo Stiglitz López, a Mexican actor of underground fame for his role in a variety of horror films in the 70s and 80s. Tarantino wanted to pay homage to him and thus named the character this way.

There also has been some speculation that the character was in part inspired by another fictional character of the name Max Otto von Stierlitz. Stierlitz is basically the Soviet James Bond and was known in the Eastern Bloc becuase of the Yulian Semyonov 1969 novel Seventeen Moments of Spring and its televion adaptation that spawned several sequels and prequels. Stierlitz being a cover name for Colonel Maxim Maximovich Isaуev who in the book and movies infiltrates the Reich Security Main Office and the SS Security Service (SD) in order to spy on the Germans, sabotage their nuclear program, and prevent peace talks between Nazi Germany, GB and the USA.

Stierlitz was more detective than action hero or James Bond gadget spy and especially the dead pan voice over used in the movies to represent his stream of consciousness was a popular sujet for jokes ("The words “Stirlitz is a moron!” were chalked on the wall of the Reichschancellery. The entire Nazi party snickered about it; only Stirlitz knew its true meaning: he had been awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union."). Nonetheless the character of Stierlitz remains popular in modern Russia and other successor states of the USSR. Yulian Semyonov, who invented the character, has several monuments in his honor and when one of the most fampus actors who played Stierlitz died in 2009 the Russian Security Service expressed its collective condolences. It also seems Valdimir Putin is fan of the character.

This connection between Stiglitz and Stierlitz however is something that has so far been unconfirmed and mostly based upon the very similar sounding name as well as the fact that both fictional characters fight Nazis.

As for real world role models for the character, I couldn't really find something that exactly fits, especially the part the German set out to kill Nazis was not something that happened outside of very specific and more organized contexts such as the Antifaschistisches Komitee Freies Deutschland (Antifascist Committee Free Germany).