Not really.

In most urban areas, corner drugstores and groceries, possibly even taverns, would have had telephones. So you could phone the central police station from there—but they’d generally have no way to contact officers out in the field. Big cities might have police telephones on strategic corners that could be rung to attract a passing beat cop, but otherwise someone would have to be sent out from the central police station.

More relevant, there were beat cops. Assuming you’re in a reasonably dense part of the city, a beat cop would probably have been within shouting distance, or would come within shouting distance a couple times each hour. In 1909, Chicago had some 3800 patrolmen (assuming a three-shift system, that puts about 1000 on the street at any given time) to cover roughly 24,000 blocks.

As for ambulances, in the early 20th century that was still more about transporting a supine body than administering any kind of aid, so any wagon that could be found nearby would do. Beginning in the late 19th century, a few big-city hospitals began to have horse-drawn or motorized vehicles staffed with specialized personnel. There’s a good historic overview in this PDF. Not until after World War II did it become a widespread practice for ambulances begin to offer first aid en route, and even then the service in many cities was provided by funeral homes, a carryover from when they were the only people with oversized autos (hearses) at their disposal.