The numbers are accurate. Of the 330.000 Jews in pre-war European France (French and foreign citizens; there were more Jews in the North African territories of France but they were affected differently by the war obviously), approximately 75.000 were deported, mostly to Auschwitz. An ordeal only about 2000 survived. Of these 75.000 deportees about 2/3 were non-French Jews who had sought refuge in France before and after the war broke out and a third were French citizens.
There is a variety reasons for that and before I will discuss Vichy, one of the factors that I feel needs pointing out because it is often forgotten is the Italian Zone of Occupation in France. The Italians refused to deport Jews until the occupation of their zone and of Italy at large in 1943 and even stopped Vichy police in 1942 from rounding up Jews in their part of occupied France thus effectively providing a refuge for Jews in France, which a lot of French and foreign Jews in France used.
As for the efforts of the Vichy government: While it has been long held in French public debate that the high survival rate was due to a wish of the regime to protect French Jews from the Germans and thus they only handed over foreign Jews in order to "save" the others, within historical academia that narrative – albeit held by e.g. Raul Hilberg – has also long been criticized and also been deconstructed to a certain extent.
It is undeniable that the Vichy Regime pursued anti-Semitic politics. Their anti-Jewish legislation of 1940 exceeded German demands in certain respects, e.g. the definition of who was Jewish and was one of the harshest in countries occupied yet with their own government. Similarly, they did establish Commissariat Général aux Questions juives ("Commissariat-General for Jewish Affairs"), which handled both massive Aryanization as well as the deportations that would occur.
On the other hand, it is also important to point out that Vichy anti-Semitism rested upon different bases than Nazi anti-Semitism. It was much more cultural than racial in nature and stressed the aspect of assimilation in typical French tradition. As Robert Paxton writes: "Left to itself, Vichy would probably have stopped short at job discrimination and measures to hasten the emigration of foreign Jews".
As for the general feet dragging on cooperation with the Germans when it came to deportations, next to some in the regime that generally believed in the trade of foreign Jews for French Jews, two factors need to be considered: The massive protest by the Catholic Church against deportations in general – Vichy was very Catholic conservative. And the issue of material gain through Aryanization.
In July 1941 the Commissariat-General started a massive campaign of Aryanization of all Jewish property in France. And the campaing was huge. While we don't have all the numbers for the unoccupied zone, in Toulouse alone 235 Jewish buisness owners were forced to sell and of those 117 were Aryanized. Often, when the Germans deported Jews, they would seize their assets as part of financing their war effort. This was something Pétain and his Commissioner for Jewish Affairs wanted to prevent and so the feet dragging on handing over Jews must also be considered under the prism of the Vichy Regime wanting to keep the spoils for themselves.
In the end, I think Robert Paxton sums it up best, when he writes "Vichy's share of the responsibility for the bestial deportations of 1942-1944 was probably greater than the Germans documents themselves would suggest. (...) Furthermore, the French laws of 1940 and 1941 made the Final Solution much easier. By the summer of 1942, some 20.000 Jeews had already been interned in French concentration camps in the unoccupied zone under the law of October 4 1940. The census of all Jewish persons and property ordered under the law od June 2 1941 made escape much harder" and so on.
While it is true that the Vichy regime had not planned to turn discrimination into genocide and clearly blocked some of the German measures (such as the renouncing of citizenship for Jews who had been granted it after 1927), the fact remains that the Vichy Regime not only singled out a group for special social contempt and discrimination and that those measure were a great help to the Germans and their Final Solution but also that they more than willingly handed over foreign Jews who were legally in France and pleaded for the right to stay over to certain death – and willingly and knowingly so. With grave consequences: Of the 75.000 Jews deported from France, a mere 2000 survived.
Sources:
Robert Paxton: Vichy France. Old Guard and new Order 1940-1944.
Raul Hilberg: The Destruction of the European Jews.
Cohen, Asher (1996). The Shoah in France. Jerusalem